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The Ghan () is an experiential tourism-oriented passenger train service that operates between the northern and southern coasts of Australia, through the cities of Adelaide, Alice Springs and Darwin on the Adelaide–Darwin rail corridor.
Operated by Journey Beyond, its scheduled travelling time, including extended stops for passengers to do off-train tours, is 53 hours 15 minutes to travel the . Timetables Great Southern Rail The Ghan has been described as one of the world's greatest passenger trains..
A contrary view is that the name was a veiled insult. In 1891, the railway from Quorn reached remote Oodnadatta where an itinerant population of around 150 cameleers were based, generically called "Afghans". "The Ghan Express" name originated with train crews in the 1890s as a taunt to officialdom because, when an expensive sleeping car was put on from Quorn to Oodnadatta, "on the first return journey the only passenger was an Afghan", mocking its commercial viability. News newspaper, 10 July 1937, p. 4.
By as early as 1924, because of the notorious unreliability of this fortnightly steam train, European pastoralists commonly called it "in ribald fashion The Afghan Express". Register newspaper, 20 October 1924, p. 9. By 1951, when Steam locomotive were replaced by diesel-electric locomotives, this disparaging derivation, like the cameleers, had faded away. Modern marketing has completed the name turnabout.
The train usually runs once weekly. During December 2012 and January 2013, it ran only once every two weeks. Until 2016, a second service operated between June and September, recommencing again in May 2019 due to demand. Great Southern Rail to halve services on The Ghan, Indian Pacific after Federal Government cuts ABC News, 6 August 2015. The train stops at Adelaide, Alice Springs, Katherine and Darwin; the stops at Alice Springs and Katherine allow time for passengers to take optional tours. "Want to see more of Australia along the way? Just whistle!" , Great Southern Rail website.
Each train has an average of 28 stainless steel carriages, built by Comeng, Granville, in the late 1960s and early 1970s for the Indian Pacific, plus a motorail wagon. "History" , Great Southern Rail website. The average length of the train is . Two Pacific National NR class locomotives haul the train, previously AN class or a DL class locomotives assisted. Locomotive crews are sourced from Pacific National, with the on-train staff employed by Journey Beyond.
In October 1980, the remainder of the line was replaced by a standard-gauge line built to the west of the original line. An extension north from Alice Springs to Darwin opened in January 2004. A distant dream becomes reality The Age 10 January 2004
Although there were plans from the beginning to extend the line to Darwin, by the time the extension to Alice Springs had been completed, The Ghan was losing money and the plans for further extension to Darwin were suspended indefinitely. The original Ghan line followed the same track as the overland telegraph, which is believed to be the route taken by John McDouall Stuart during his 1862 crossing of Australia.
The Ghan service was notorious for delays caused by washouts of the track. A flatcar immediately behind the locomotive carried spare sleepers and railway tools, so passengers and crew could repair the line. The very uncertain service via this route was tolerated because needed large quantities of water, and Stuart's route to Alice Springs was the only one that had sufficient available water.
Initially operated fortnightly, in the 1930s, it was increased to weekly. From 1956 until 1975, it operated twice weekly, before reverting to a weekly service.Here & There Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin issue 506 December 1979 page 6
During World War II, the service had to be greatly expanded, putting great pressure on the limited water supplies. As a result, de-mineralisation towers, some of which survive to this day, were built along the track so that bore water could be used. When a new line to Alice Springs was built in the 1970s, the use of diesel locomotives meant that there was far less need for water, thus allowing the line to take the much drier route from Tarcoola to Alice Springs.
The last narrow gauge service departed Alice Springs on 26 November 1980.Here & There Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin issue 521 March 1981 page 24
The first Ghan on the new line departed Adelaide on 11 December 1980.The Window Seat Network September 1980 page 27 It initially operated as a broad gauge service to Port Pirie. Following the conversion of the Adelaide to Crystal Brook to standard gauge in 1982, it operated as a standard gauge train throughout. Operating weekly, a second service was operated between May and October.The New Ghan The Railway Magazine issue 967 November 1981 page 522Intelligence Railway Gazette International June 1982 page 420
In November 1998, one service per week was extended from Adelaide to Melbourne while from April 1999, the other was diverted to operate to Sydney via Broken Hill."GSR Announce Changes to Ghan & Overland" Railway Digest August 1998 page 10GSR's Ghan Commences Melbourne Runs Catch Point issue 129 January 1999 page 5"Ghan Sydney Bound in April" Railway Digest February 1999 page 12First Run of Ghan to Sydney Catch Point issue 131 May 1999 page 5 The extensions were withdrawn in November 2002 and March 2003 respectively.Here & There Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin issue 786 April 2003 page 152Last Ghan into Sydney pulls up short Railway Digest May 2003 page 8
The Ghan's arrival in Darwin signified a new era of tourism in the Northern Territory, making travel to the region easier and more convenient. The rail link will allow for more freight to travel through the region, leading to a hope that Darwin will serve as another trade link with Asia.
In preparation for the connection to Darwin, one of the locomotives was named after wildlife expert Steve Irwin, an international symbol of outback Australia, to promote the new service and tourism to the region.
The modern Ghan featured in an episode of Channel 5 series , and the Mighty Trains series.
In 2018, it was also the subject of SBS slow television documentary The Ghan: Australia's Greatest Train Journey. The entire journey from Adelaide to Darwin which was filmed in 2017, was condensed into a three-hour highlights show with no voiceover or narration, much of it featuring footage directly from the front of the locomotive and various helicopter views. An extended 17-hour version of the show aired on SBS's secondary channel, SBS Viceland. SBS to air 17-hour episode of 'slow TV' hit The Ghan The Sydney Morning Herald, 11 January 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
In October 2019, the train featured in BBC Two's episode one of Michael Portillo Great Australian Railway Journeys.
The Ghan is the setting of Benjamin Stevenson's 2023 novel, Everyone on This Train Is a Suspect, in which a group of crime writers attempt to solve a murder on board the train.
==Gallery==
History
Starting in August 1929, The Ghan ran on the Central Australia Railway, originally built as a narrow-gauge railway to Alice Springs under Chief Engineer, Commonwealth Railways, N. G. Bell. In 1957, the standard gauge Stirling North to Marree line opened, and the Ghan was curtailed to operate only north of Marree.
Original Ghan
Construction of what was then known as the Port Augusta to Government Gums Railway began in 1878 when Premier of South Australia William Jervois broke ground at Port Augusta. The line reached Hawker in June 1880, Beltana in July 1881, Marree in January 1884 and Oodnadatta in January 1891. Work on the extension to Alice Springs began in 1926, and was completed in 1929. Until then, the final leg of the train journey was still made by camel.
New line
In October 1980, a new standard gauge line from Tarcoola on the Trans-Australian Railway to Alice Springs opened, and the train took the form it has today. The new line is approximately west of the former line in order to avoid where the original line was often washed away during heavy rain. It was also hoped that the construction of the new line would improve the train's timekeeping.
Connection to Darwin
Construction of Alice Springs–Darwin line was believed to be the second-largest civil engineering project in Australia, and the largest since the creation of the Snowy Mountains Scheme.
Line construction began in July 2001, with the first passenger train reaching Darwin on 3 February 2004, after 126 years of planning and waiting and at a cost of $1.3 billion.
Suspension during pandemic
The Ghan was suspended for five months from March to August 2020 due to COVID-19 restrictions and border closures – the longest suspension in the train's existence. The first post-COVID train departed Adelaide for Darwin on 31 August 2020. The train would later be suspended again on its final run of the 2020 season due to a lockdown in South Australia.
Media depictions
The original Ghan was featured in an episode of BBC Television's series Great Railway Journeys of the World in 1980, presented by Michael Frayn.
Noteworthy incidents
/ Northern Territory border, winter ca 1948]], in 2009]] was one of several bearing the train's logo and red livery]]
Further reading
(2025). 9780980371604, Golden Gecko Press. ISBN 9780980371604
External links
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